What is an intrauterine device?
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small, plastic T-shaped device that has a cord attached to the end, in order for you to see if the IUD is still in place. The IUD is placed inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy. The placement can be done during an office visit. Once in place, the IUD stays in your uterus until your doctor removes it.
How does it work?
The IUD prevents sperm from joining with an egg. It makes the penetration of sperm impossible into the egg and changing the lining of the uterus. There are two types of IUDs: copper IUDs and hormonal IUD. The copper IUD releases copper particles to prevent pregnancy, while the hormonal IUD releases the hormone progestin to prevent pregnancy.
What are the advantages of an IUD?
The IUD has many advantages:
- It is effective in preventing pregnancy and once inserted, you are protected from pregnancy until the IUD is removed.
- The IUD can prevent pregnancy for up to 5 to 10 years.
- It’s inexpensive.
- It is comfortable, there is nothing to remember, such as taking the pill every day.
- An IUD can be removed by a doctor at any time.
- Starts working right away.
- The risk of side effects is low.
- Mothers who use an IUD can breastfeed safely.
- Neither you nor your partner can feel it.
What are the disadvantages?
You may have cramps and back pain during the first hours after you insert an IUD in the uterus. Some women have bleeding and pain for a couple of weeks after the IUD is inserted. You may have a harder time if you are using the copper IUD. Rarely, the uterus can be injured when placed within the IUD.
The IUD does not protect you from any sexually transmitted infection (STI). In addition, the larger the number of people with whom you have sex, the greater your risk of contracting an STI. The IUD is best for single women who have only one sexual partner in the long term. In addition, you should not use IUDs if you become pregnant, if you have abnormal bleeding or if you have cancer of the cervix (cervical) or uterus. You should not use the copper IUD if you are allergic to copper.
How long is the IUD effective?
This depends on the kind your doctor prescribed to you. The copper IUD can stay in your body for up to 10 years. The hormonal IUD needs to be replaced every 5 years. Your doctor can remove any of these at any time you decide to get pregnant or if you no longer want to use.
How do I care for my IUD?
After you insert IUDs you can swim, exercise, use tampons and have sex as soon as you want. At the time of each menstrual period, you should check for the IUD string if it is within the vagina by inserting a clean finger into your vagina. Call your doctor if you can not feel the string. Any of this could mean that the IUD is not in the right place and needs put back in the right place. Call your doctor if you miss a period or if you notice any unusual discharge or odor from your vagina. Keep getting annual checkups regularly.
